Unranked baby names

Modern invented name likely inspired by Kayon or similar phonetic patterns; may draw from Irish naming traditions but lacks established etymological roots.

A modern variation of Kent, likely derived from the English county or the Old English 'cent' meaning 'bright' or 'keen'. The -yn suffix creates a contemporary twist on a classic place name.

From Old English 'wudu' (wood) and 'leah' (clearing or meadow). A surname-derived given name suggesting a wooded clearing or forest dwelling.

Modern constructed name, likely blending 'Ny-' prefix with '-zair' ending. No established historical etymology; represents contemporary naming creativity.

Modern constructed name blending Hebrew 'Az' (strong) with '-iel' (God), suggesting divine strength or power from God.

Modern invented name blending Scottish traditions with contemporary phonetics. Likely inspired by Chyse or Khylo variants.

From Old English 'æin' (one) and 'leah' (clearing/meadow). A modern invented name blending traditional elements.

A contemporary American creation, likely blending Maze with the feminine suffix -lyn. No established historical etymology.

A contemporary invented name, likely blending 'Av-' with '-veon' endings popular in African-American naming traditions. No established historical or etymological root.

From Welsh 'bryc' meaning speckled or spotted. Modern usage blends Welsh tradition with contemporary naming trends.

Modern invented name, likely blending Zama (African/Arabic roots meaning 'darkness') with the -aiya suffix popular in contemporary African-American naming traditions.

Modern invented name blending 'Lane' with the suffix '-eigh'. Lane derives from Old English meaning 'narrow passage' or 'country road'.

Etymology uncertain; may relate to African language roots with lyrical, flowing qualities. Modern coinage with contemporary appeal.

Modern invented name blending Z-initial trendiness with -leah suffix; likely inspired by names like Kylie or Ashleigh with contemporary stylization

Modern invented name, likely a creative blend of Blake (dark) and Ashley (ash tree meadow), combining nature and contemporary style.

Modern creation blending Jake (Hebrew origin, 'supplanter') with the suffix -lee (English, 'meadow'). Contemporary invented name with no traditional etymological root.

Modern invented name blending Madeline (meaning 'woman from Magdala') with the suffix -lynn, creating a contemporary feminine form.

Modern invented name blending Hayley with -lie suffix. Hayley derives from English 'hay clearing,' while the -lie ending adds contemporary femininity.

Modern American creation blending Jane (Hebrew 'God is gracious') with the -isy diminutive suffix, creating a contemporary feminized variant.

Modern invented name blending Alia with the suffix -hna, likely inspired by Celtic phonetics and contemporary naming trends.

Blend of Leila (night) and Anna (grace), with Celtic roots suggesting darkness and elegance combined with timeless virtue.

Possibly derived from Irish roots suggesting 'noble' or 'great', with potential connection to natural elements in Gaelic tradition.

Modern invented name combining 'De-' prefix with 'Montae' or 'Tae', popular in contemporary African American naming traditions

Possibly derived from Irish roots meaning 'ocean' or 'sea-related', with connections to maritime heritage and Celtic traditions.

A modern constructed name, likely derived from Arabic roots with the diminutive suffix -iyah, suggesting grace or elegance in contemporary usage.

Modern blend of Kei/Kai with Lynn. Likely draws from Irish roots meaning 'graceful' or 'slender' combined with the suffix Lynn.

Modern invention blending Jean/Jeanie with -lanie suffix, likely influenced by contemporary name-blending trends combining classic and invented elements.

Modern invented name blending Kayla with -ley suffix, suggesting 'from the meadow' or 'woodland clearing' with contemporary flair.

Modern American creation blending Janet (Hebrew 'Jehovah is gracious') with a playful -zy suffix, suggesting youthful energy and contemporary style.

Modern invented name blending Kip (Scottish diminutive) with the suffix -tynn, creating a contemporary Celtic-inspired name.

Possibly derived from Irish elements meaning 'bright' or 'shining,' with variant spellings suggesting connections to Gaelic naming traditions.

Modern invention blending Kaye (from Katherine, pure) with the -cyn suffix popularized in contemporary American naming

Modern invented name blending Tai (possibly Thai origin or 'great') with the Scottish suffix -lee meaning 'meadow' or 'clearing'.

Modern blend of 'Mika' or 'Mike' with 'McKinley', the Scottish surname meaning 'son of Finlay' or 'fair warrior'

Modern spelling variant of Cameron, from Gaelic meaning 'crooked nose' or 'bent', referring to a distinctive feature.

A contemporary African American name with elements suggesting 'Andre' (strong, masculine) combined with the prefix 'De-', common in modern naming traditions.

Modern variant of Quinton, from Latin Quintus meaning 'fifth.' The 'Kw' spelling gives it contemporary flair while maintaining classic roots.

Modern Irish name blending 'De' (from) with 'Lane' (derived from Gaelic), suggesting 'from the lane' or associated with Irish landscape and pastoral heritage.

Modern invented name blending Ady with the suffix -lee, likely inspired by nature-adjacent names like Adeline and place-name elements.

Modern invented name, likely blending Java (the island or coffee) with the feminine suffix -iah, creating a contemporary invented name without classical etymology.

Modern invented name blending 'Brae' (hillside) with the feminine suffix '-leigh'. Contemporary created name without historical etymology.

Modern Irish name with lyrical quality, likely a phonetic variation of Anya or Ainsley with Celtic influences.

Modern invented name, likely a creative blend combining 'Jay' with the suffix '-cier', contemporary American coinage without historical etymological roots

Modern Irish name, likely a creative variation blending Áine (Irish goddess of brightness) with Reid/Reidy surnames, suggesting radiance or royal descent.

A contemporary African American name, likely a creative variation combining 'Ny-' prefix with 'Keem', reflecting modern naming trends in Black communities.

A modern creative variation, likely blending 'Ny-' prefix with '-lah' suffix, without established etymological roots in historical languages.

Modern feminine form related to Arabic 'aliyy' meaning 'exalted' or 'high', often used as a contemporary spelling variant of Aliyah

Modern invented name blending Nay- with the -deline suffix, evoking grace and femininity without established historical roots.

A modern invented name, likely blending phonetic elements from names like Javon or Devon with contemporary naming trends.

From Arabic origin, possibly related to 'kanīla' or similar formations. Modern creative name blending Arabic phonetic elements with contemporary style.

Modern invented name blending Jackie (diminutive of Jacqueline) with -lie suffix, creating a contemporary feminine variation.

Modern invented name blending Ja- prefix with -lanie. Likely inspired by celestial or nature-adjacent names in contemporary usage.

Modern invented name blending Kaze (wind-inspired) with the Celtic suffix -lyn, creating a contemporary feminine form with nature undertones.

From Swahili, a name of East African origin with cultural significance in Tanzanian and Kenyan communities.

Modern invented name blending Jay (from the bird or the letter J) with the feminine suffix -lanee, creating a contemporary feminine form with no historical etymological roots.

Modern invented name blending Kae (Scottish diminutive) with Lee (meadow), creating a contemporary Celtic feel with nature undertones.

Modern invented name, likely a creative blend combining 'Lani' (Hawaiian: sky) with the suffix '-ylah', creating a contemporary feminine form with celestial associations.

Combination of Adriel (Hebrew 'God's majesty') and the Spanish feminine suffix -ys, creating a modern feminized form popular in Latino communities.

Likely a modern spelling variant of Devine, from Irish meaning 'descendant of the poet' or related to divine.

Modern invented name blending 'Holly' (the holly plant with bright red berries) and the suffix '-nd', creating a contemporary feminine variation.

Modern invented name blending Tyne (river) with -lee (meadow/field suffix), creating a nature-inspired contemporary name.

Modern invented name blending Irish phonetic elements, likely inspired by names like Kehlani with Celtic sound patterns.

Modern invented name blending Yani- with -yla endings, reflecting contemporary Celtic-inspired naming trends with lyrical appeal.

Modern invented name blending 'Scott' (from Scotland) with the suffix '-lynd', creating a contemporary feminine variation.

Modern invented name blending Jake with feminine suffix -lyn. Jake derives from Jacob, meaning 'supplanter' in Hebrew.

Modern variation blending Jae with Ana. Likely inspired by nature-connected Irish naming traditions with contemporary flair.

A contemporary feminine variation, likely derived from or influenced by names like Jersey or creative blends of Jei- with -zy endings popular in modern naming.

Modern blend of Blake (dark, pale) and Lynn (lake). Contemporary invention combining traditional elements with modern suffix style.

Modern variation blending 'court' (from Old French) with Celtic naming patterns, creating a contemporary feel with classical undertones.

Modern invented name combining 'Tray' with the feminine suffix '-lynn'. Tray may reference a vessel or derive from the name Trey (meaning three).

Modern American name, likely a creative blend combining elements like 'Ja-' prefix with 'Vonna,' reflecting contemporary naming traditions in African American communities.

God is my strength, derived from Hebrew elements 'Ze' (this) and biblical naming traditions with '-veah' as a feminine suffix variant.

Modern invented name blending Katarina with Leigh; styled elaboration of Katherine with Celtic flair and nature-inspired suffix.

Modern creative variation, likely blending Gaelic 'cal' (bright) with feminine suffix '-iah', suggesting brightness or radiance.

Modern invented name blending Irish phonetic elements with contemporary naming trends. Likely inspired by similar names like Ryn or Ryka.

Modern invented name blending Tia (honor, respect) with -anni suffix. Contemporary creation without established historical root.

Modern creative spelling combining 'Jay' (the bird or the letter J) with the suffix '-cei'. A contemporary invented name without historical etymology.

Modern feminine variation likely blending 'Cais' (curly-haired) with the suffix '-lee' (meadow/clearing). A contemporary creation with Celtic roots.

A modern name of uncertain etymology, possibly influenced by Arabic 'sahra' (desert) or Sanskrit roots. Carries contemporary appeal with an exotic, lyrical quality.

Modern invented name blending 'Jab-' with '-aylon'. A contemporary creation without historical etymology, reflecting 21st-century naming trends.

Modern invented name blending Celtic phonetic traditions with contemporary style. Likely inspired by names like Catalina combined with Irish -yah endings.

Modern invention blending 'Brei' (Irish elements) with '-lynn' suffix. Contemporary American creation without established historical roots.

Modern invented name blending Spanish diminutive suffix -ey with the name Miley, likely influenced by contemporary pop culture.

Modern blend combining Kay (pure) with Lannie, creating a contemporary Celtic-inspired name with nature undertones.

Modern invented name, likely blending Kylie and Leah with -nis suffix. No established etymological root in historical texts.

Modern feminine name blending 'demi' (half/partial) with the Arabic root 'rah' (mercy). Contemporary invention gaining popularity in English-speaking cultures.

Modern Irish-influenced name, likely a contemporary variation of Lana or Lane combined with the popular -yah suffix, suggesting 'lane' or pathway.

Modern Irish-influenced name, likely a creative elaboration of Celia or Leah with Celtic phonetic elements.

Modern blend of Mar- (sea/pool) and -lee (meadow clearing). Combines Celtic water imagery with pastoral English landscape elements.

From Arabic, a modern feminine creation combining phonetic elements suggesting grace and elegance. May relate to 'jawa' (essence) or be a contemporary invented name.

Modern invented name blending 'Rhen' (possibly inspired by the River Rhen) with the productive suffix '-leigh' (clearing, meadow). Contemporary creation with Celtic aesthetic.

From Arabic roots, likely a modern variation blending 'sha' (to know/distinguish) with 'marr' (bitterness or passage). Contemporary African-American creation with lyrical quality.

Modern variation combining 'tae' (Scottish for 'to') with 'leigh' (meadow/field). Contemporary blend of Celtic tradition with invented spelling.

Variant of Amelia or Emilia with modern spelling. May also draw from Mila (Slavic 'gracious') combined with -iah suffix, creating a contemporary feminine name.

Variant of Colleen, from Irish 'cailín' meaning 'girl' or 'young woman', with modern -nn spelling innovation

Modern created name, likely influenced by Kasam (Arabic/Hindi for 'oath') or a blend of contemporary naming elements. Primarily an African-American invention without deep historical etymology.

Modern invented name combining 'Rex' (Latin for king) with the feminine suffix '-lynn', suggesting a regal or noble girl.

Blend of Quinn (little leader) and Lynn (lake). Modern creative compound reflecting Celtic roots with contemporary style.

From the Scottish surname Sutherland, meaning 'the southern land,' combined with the feminine suffix -lyn, creating a modern elaboration.

Modern invented spelling variant, likely inspired by 'Nevin' or 'Neven' (Irish: bright, holy). Carries contemporary creative spelling trends.

Modern invented name combining Jake (from Hebrew Jacob, 'supplanter') with the suffix -lin or -lyn, popular in contemporary American naming

Modern invented name blending Addy/Adie (Scottish diminutive forms) with the -synn suffix. Inspired by contemporary name-blending trends rather than traditional etymology.

Modern invented name blending Kaye (Scottish form of Catherine, 'pure') with the -lie suffix, creating a contemporary feminine variant with roots in classic naming traditions.

Modern feminine variation with roots in Irish tradition, possibly derived from Mari (of the sea) or Emilia, blended with Celtic sensibilities.

Modern invention blending Rane with Mae suffix. Likely inspired by Roane or Rayne with feminine -mae ending, suggesting 'graceful' or 'maiden'.

A modern invented name, likely a creative blend combining 'Jah' (Jamaican Rastafarian reference to God) with the suffix '-nyla', popular in contemporary African-American naming traditions.

Modern blend combining Jake (Hebrew Jacob, 'supplanter') with the suffix -enzie, a Scottish diminutive form popularized in contemporary naming.

Modern variation blending 'Ayr' (Scottish place) with 'bree' (Irish for hill). Contemporary creative name without established historical root.

Modern invented name likely blending 'make' with the -ly suffix, suggesting 'in a pleasing manner' or crafted identity.

Modern invented name likely blending 'Ann' with contemporary -lee suffix, possibly evoking 'angel' or 'light'.

Modern creation blending Irish phonetic elements with contemporary naming trends. Likely inspired by Kehila (Hebrew: community) merged with -any suffix.

Modern created name blending 'Jai' (victory, triumph) with 'lei' (garland or floral element). Carries contemporary appeal with potential nature undertones.

Modern spelling variation of Carley/Carlie, derived from Caroline meaning 'free woman' or from Carl meaning 'man' with feminine suffix.

Modern variation combining 'Kay' with the '-lin' suffix, creating a contemporary feminine form with Celtic roots and lyrical appeal.

Modern invented name blending 'Bry' (possibly from Bryn, meaning hill) with the surname suffix '-lee' (meadow or clearing).

Modern invention blending the New York borough Brooklyn with the popular -lyn suffix. Represents contemporary American naming trends favoring place names and feminine endings.

Possibly derived from Scottish Gaelic elements; a modern innovative spelling with uncertain but likely Celtic roots, suggesting strength and distinction.

Modern creation blending Addie (noble, kind) with Addison, styled with -lynne suffix. Contemporary invented name with no historical etymological root.

Modern blend combining 'Maz' (possibly from Mazarine) with '-lynn' suffix. Contemporary invented name with Celtic styling.

Modern invented name blending River (nature element) with Celtic suffix -lynn. Evokes flowing water and natural landscapes.

Modern invented name blending Addy with -lyn suffix. Likely inspired by Addison with Irish/Celtic feminine styling.

Possibly a variant of Kysir or related to Gaelic roots meaning 'dark' or 'dusky'. A modern creative spelling with Celtic undertones.

Modern invented name blending 'Hat' with the suffix '-leigh'. Likely inspired by nature-adjacent names like Ashleigh and Hadleigh, following contemporary naming trends.

From Scottish Gaelic 'Macken' (son of Kenneth) combined with the suffix 'lee' meaning field or meadow. A modern blended name with Celtic roots.

Modern invented name, likely a blend of 'D-' prefix with 'Montae' or similar elements. Contemporary creation without classical etymology.

Modern invented name blending 'Jai' (victory) with 'Lee' (meadow). Contemporary creation with nature and positive-energy undertones.

Modern invented name combining Hux (Hugh-related diminutive) with ton suffix meaning settlement, creating a contemporary surname-style given name.

From Arabic, a feminine form combining 'Mark' (from Marcus) with the suffix '-iyah', creating a modern name with Arabic styling and feminine designation.

Modern blend of Ray and Lenn, likely inspired by nature-based Celtic naming traditions with contemporary style elements.

From Sanskrit roots meaning 'swift' or 'quick', also interpreted as 'victorious' in some Indian traditions

Modern invented name blending Jae (variant of Jay) with Lynn. Likely inspired by contemporary naming trends combining short forms with -lynn suffixes.

A modern invented name with no established etymological root. Likely a creative variation or blend combining phonetic elements from names like Jheison or similar contemporary coinages.

Modern variation possibly derived from clay or inspired by names like Klay. May blend contemporary sound with nature elements.

Modern creative blend combining Lay- with -lynn suffix. Likely inspired by names like Layla with contemporary -lynn ending popularized in 1990s-2000s.

From Old Irish meaning 'little poet' or 'beautiful.' A modern variation blending Teagan with Gann elements.

Modern invented name blending Terry (derived from Theresa, meaning 'harvester') with the -iyah suffix popular in contemporary American naming.

A modern constructed name, likely blending Kai (water/ocean) with Vian (living), suggesting a contemporary creative formation without classical etymological roots.

Modern invented name blending 'Zy-' (contemporary sound) with '-anna' (grace). A contemporary creation without classical etymological roots.

Modern invented name combining 'Jay' with the suffix '-mere'. Likely influenced by similar contemporary names like Jayce and Demetrius.

Modern invented name blending Kasey/Kae with the suffix -leigh, creating a contemporary Celtic-inspired girl's name with nature undertones.

Modern invented spelling of Shyler/Shylie, blending shy with -leigh. Likely intended to evoke Celtic or nature-inspired femininity.

Modern invented name blending 'Jazz' (the musical genre) with the feminine suffix '-la', suggesting a spirited, creative personality with contemporary flair.

Likely a modern creative variation blending Celtic naming traditions with contemporary sound preferences. May relate to 'harmony' or 'balance' in construction.

Modern feminine variation possibly derived from Ciarán, meaning 'little dark one' or inspired by Kerri/Kerry, from the Irish county.

Modern invented name, likely a creative variation of Jersey or a blend of names. No established etymological root.

From Hawaiian, likely a modern invention or variant combining Hawaiian phonetic elements; the exact etymology is unclear but reflects contemporary Hawaiian-influenced naming traditions.

Modern invented name blending 'Daisy' (a flower name) with the suffix '-lynn,' creating a contemporary feminine form with nature-inspired roots.

Blend of Jal- (possibly from Gaelic 'geal', bright) and -lyric (song, melody). Modern creative name evoking brightness and poetic expression.

From Knox, a Scottish surname meaning 'hilltop', with -tyn suffix creating a modern invented name suggesting strength and place-based heritage.

Modern invented name blending 'Khan' with 'den', likely inspired by nature and strength themes without established historical etymology.

Modern variant of Danielle with Irish Celtic roots, combining 'Dan' (diminutive) with the Irish suffix '-ely', suggesting a feminine form of Irish heritage names.

Blend of Yah (Hebrew divine name) and -siah suffix. Modern creation combining spiritual and contemporary elements.

Modern invented name blending Camden (valley of the winding river) with feminine -nn suffix, creating a contemporary Celtic feel.

Modern invented name blending Chey (possibly from Cherokee) with the feminine suffix -lynn, creating a contemporary nature-inspired name.

Modern feminine variation possibly blending Kea (Irish) with the suffix -yla. May relate to 'bright' or 'radiant' qualities in contemporary coinage.

A modern Thai name meaning 'pure' or 'beautiful', blending traditional Thai naming conventions with Western phonetic appeal.

Modern invented name blending Jay (from the bird or name Jay) with the suffix -lise, creating a contemporary feminine form without historical etymological roots.

Modern invented name, likely a creative spelling variation of Dishon or a blend of phonetic elements popular in contemporary naming traditions.

Modern invented name blending 'Kn-' sound with '-ylah' suffix, likely inspired by nature and contemporary naming trends rather than historical etymology.

Modern invented spelling blending Kaylee with -lie suffix. Contemporary American neologism with no historical etymological root.

Modern creation blending Daley (valley) with Zah (brightness). Contemporary invented name with no classical etymology.

Possibly derived from Irish elements meaning 'white' or 'bright'. A rare modern creation blending Celtic phonetics.

Modern invented name blending Ja- prefix with Ashley, itself derived from Old English for 'ash tree meadow'

Modern blend name combining Taylor (occupational surname meaning 'tailor') with the suffix -ani, creating a contemporary feminine form with no traditional etymological roots

Modern created name blending Addy with Lynn, likely inspired by Addison and feminine -lynn suffix. No historical etymology.

From Sanskrit meaning 'without darkness' or 'radiant,' symbolizing light, clarity, and awakening in Hindu and Indian philosophy.

Modern blend of Michael (Hebrew 'who is like God') with Celtic -lyn suffix, creating a contemporary feminine form with Irish heritage.

Meaning depends on kanji used; commonly 'name' (名) combined with 'bird' (鳥) or other characters for aesthetic or symbolic purpose

Modern invented name blending 'Aiz' with the suffix '-lee'. Likely inspired by nature-themed contemporary names like Ainsley and Paisley.

From Arabic 'kamil' meaning 'perfect' or 'complete', with the French feminine diminutive suffix '-ille' added for a modern, stylized form.

Uncertain etymology, possibly derived from Norse 'lár' (remainder) or Latin-influenced name. A rare modern name without strong historical documentation.

Possibly from Scandinavian roots meaning 'bay' or 'inlet', or a Scottish surname form. Rare modern given name with uncertain etymology.

Possibly derived from Irish roots meaning 'dear' or 'beloved.' Modern name with Celtic heritage appeal.

Modern variation of Shea/Shay, derived from Irish 'Séaghdha' meaning majestic or fairy-like, blended with the feminine suffix -lie.

Derived from Irish origins, likely a modern variant of Ronan or Shannon, blending contemporary naming trends with Celtic roots.

Modern invention blending Kam- with -orie suffix; likely inspired by Kameron or Cammie with -orie diminutive, without established historical root.

Modern creation likely blending Scottish elements. Possibly influenced by Eilah or Isla with X prefix for contemporary flair.

From Irish meaning 'young warrior' or 'small warrior', possibly related to Gaelic roots meaning fierce or spirited

Possibly derived from Irish roots suggesting 'new' or 'noble.' Modern usage may blend Nav- with -ion suffix patterns.

Possibly derived from Celtic elements meaning 'horse' or 'swift.' A rare Scottish variant with roots in Celtic naming traditions.

Modern invented name combining 'Lake' (body of water) with the suffix '-lan', suggesting a nature-inspired contemporary name.

From Old Irish 'Aedh' meaning fire or brightness, with modern form suggesting 'little fiery one'

From Dutch 'van der' meaning 'from the'. Yander may also relate to the wanderer or traveler, with echoes of Scandinavian naming traditions.

A modern feminine variation of Camille, derived from the Latin Camillus, blended with Celtic phonetic styling for contemporary appeal.

Modern feminine variation of Bradley, combining 'brad' (a thin nail) with the feminine suffix '-lie'. Constructed name without historical etymological depth.

A modern invented name combining 'Leigh' (meadow or clearing) with 'land' (territory). Conveys open pastoral landscape.

A contemporary invention blending phonetic elements from African and American naming traditions, emerging from late 20th-century creative naming practices.

Possibly derived from Irish elements meaning 'level' or 'smooth', or a variant of Liam/Lionel traditions in Irish naming.

Modern Irish name, likely a variant of Páolin or inspired by Pauline. Associated with grace and strength in contemporary Irish naming.

Possibly derived from Irish elements meaning 'radiant' or 'shining'. Modern creation blending Celtic phonetics with contemporary naming trends.

A contemporary feminine blend combining Spanish and Russian elements, likely influenced by Juliana (from Julius, 'youthful') with Russian diminutive suffix -a.

From Scottish roots meaning 'fair-haired' or 'noble', possibly related to the name Arlen with connections to the word for 'eagle'

From Igbo meaning 'God's hand' or 'God has done this', a name invoking divine purpose and blessing

Modern spelling variant of Chloe, likely influenced by Celtic phonetic trends. May blend Greek origins with contemporary stylization.

Modern creation, likely a blend of Irish and invented elements. May draw from Aiden or similar Irish names with the 'kid-' prefix sound.

Modern name of uncertain etymology, possibly related to Jazz or jazzy, contemporary origin with no classical root

Modern invented name, likely a creative respelling of London (the English capital city) with a double 'n' for stylistic effect

Modern invented name, likely a blend of the jet- prefix (suggesting speed or sleekness) with the popular -yn suffix ending

From Arabic meaning 'swift' or 'quick', sometimes used as a variant spelling of Rashed or Rashid

Modern invented name, likely a variation of Davin or Dacian. May blend 'dac' elements with modern -en suffix.